Biologically+Important+Molecules

BIMs or Biologically Important Molecules can be split into four categories: Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids. Each of these groups is composed of different subunits and each performs different tasks within the human body.
 * //__BIMs!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!__//**

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1992/illpres/proteins-5.gif Composed of: Amino Acids Functions: Proteins are made from 20 kinds of amino acids which interact within the protein's structure to form it's specific shape. //Primary Structure//-is composed of the proteins amino acid sequence //Secondary Structure//-is the polypeptide (a chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds) coiling or folding that is a result of hydrogen bonding. //Tertiary Structure//-is the shape of a polypeptide and is the result of interactions between the R-groups withing the alpha helix and pleated sheet formations of the protein __Hydroxyl__ O-H __Carbonyl__ C=O __Carboxyl__ OH-C=O __Amino__ H-N-H Note: there is one formation (H-C=O) that falls between Hydroxyl and Carbonyl and is found in Aldehyde compounds
 * __Proteins__**
 * Found in white blood cells and tears, it helps destroy harmful bacteria
 * Used for structural support
 * Transportation of other substances
 * Signaling from on part of the organism to another
 * As an enzyme, protein acts as a catalyst in some metabolic reactions
 * A protein's shape determines its function**
 * Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds
 * A peptide bond is the bond that occurs when a carboxyl-group carbon covalently bonds to an amino-group nitrogen following dehydration synthesis.
 * Alpha helix is the structural name for a coiled polypeptide
 * Pleated sheet is the structual name for a folded polypeptide
 * R-groups, also know as functional groups, have four types:

//Quaternary Structure//-is the overall shape of the protein structure and results from the combination and interactions between the polypep


 * These four levels apply to general proteins. There are also globular proteins, and fibrous proteins.

http://science9.files.wordpress.com/2007/04/sucrose.jpg subunit: monosaccharides Functions: - used in body as fuel to make ATP - allow chemical reactions in body Details: - covalently bonded molecules of C, H, and O - hold lots of energy - follow the formula Cx(H2O)x - easily form chains when combined in body (2 carbs= disaccharide, 3 or more carbs= polysaccharide) - assembled by plants using photosynthesis __**Lipids**__ http://www.dgfett.de/meetings/archiv/greifswald/lipid2.jpg subunit: fatty acids Functions: - used in the body to store energy - protect cells, organs - dissolve vitamins (lipids are necessary to ingest vitamins) - create outer membrane of cells Details: - covalently bonded molecules of C,H, and O - saturated and unsaturated fats Saturated Fats: - straight chain of hydrocarbons - use the "maximum" number of hydrogens - usually solid at room temp. Unsaturated Fats: - have double bonds, so kinked - double bond prevents chain from bonding with maximum number of hydrogens - usually liquid at room temp, b/c the kinks in the chains prevent it from packing in tightly and solidifying
 * __Carbohydrates__**

__**Nucleic Acids**__ http://koehllab.genomecenter.ucdavis.edu/teaching/ecs129/03/overview/ds_DNA.jpg subunit: nucleotides (contains pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate group) Functions: - store information - direct activity in the cell - blueprints for proteins Details: -Covalent bonds of C, H, O, N, S Examples: - DNA - RNA

The Life of a Turkey BIMs Chapter 3 Vocabulary Lipids
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